Our A to Z of pool design and construction – helping you understand the terminology

Whether you’re new to the world of pool design and construction or have been the proud owner of a pool in the past, getting to grips with the terminology that accompanies the process can be daunting. As a leading contractor of outstanding swimming pool design, construction, refurbishment and servicing, we have been guiding clients for more than 30 years. Here our experts use their knowledge to explain jargon with an A to Z of pool design and construction for pool buyers just like you.

Architects

Architects are often involved in a client’s pool design and build, usually because they are undertaking work on their property, for example, an expansion or renovation and the client wishes to install a pool as part of the project. The architect will set out the client’s requirements and specifications and then seek pool contractors that are experts in designing and building pools to obtain proposals for the project. At the project concept stage, the pool contractor will have in-depth discussions with the architect to enable them to develop initial concepts and then move to a final design and pricing. Once commissioned, the pool contractor, architect, and other project partners work closely together to ensure that the project goes swimmingly!

Balance Tanks

Often referred to as a ‘constant level tank,’ the balance tank stores the excess water that’s displaced when you use your pool. This system maintains a constant depth, no matter how many people are using the pool.

Basement Pool

These indoor, subterranean designs are constructed in the basement area of both private and commercial properties and are an excellent way to make use of under utilised space.

Budget

Do you have a budget in mind for the pool contractor to consider? If so, it is best to state this upfront in the briefing meeting so they can respond appropriately. The pool contractor will work out detailed costs for the design of the pool you have in mind. The quote will take on board your budget and strive to work within its parameter. If the pool design and construction costs are higher than your budget, the contractor will let you know this at the outset, so you know exactly where you stand and can decide what you would like to do (eg accept the higher cost or adjust your requirements).

Concrete Pool

Such a pool is built using a mix of concrete, coarse aggregates and water. Concrete pools are one of the most popular types of pools because they are customisable – you can have whatever design and size you wish, from a simple lap pool or the most lavish luxury pool. The other big advantage is that they are extremely durable, for example, you do not have to worry about the wear and tear of liners. Servicing is essential to keep the interior finish looking beautiful over many years.

Commercial Pool

A pool or spa that is designed and constructed at commercial premises and is intended for use by the public. This includes leisure facilities, public pools, hotels, spas, schools, hospitals and pools build for a multi-site residence.

Commissioning

The final stage to complete before you can use your new swimming pool. During the commissioning of the pool, the pump is primed, the filter is backwashed, all pool control systems are operated and checked and vital pool chemicals are added to make sure your pool is safe to use.b

Counter-current Unit

A high volume pump or high flow turbine that propels water from one side of the pool to generate a powerful water current. Counter-current units can be installed during construction or retrofitted to help pool buyers realise the many health benefits of swimming against the current.

Covers

Pool covers help to protect your pool and there are different types of covers for summer and winter use. Whether you have an indoor or outdoor pool, installing a pool cover will minimise running and maintenance costs by preventing heat loss, and for outdoor pools they protect against debris such as leaves, shedding shrubs, dirt and insects from wafting into the water. Pool covers come in different designs/materials (eg vinyl, slatted, bubble), shapes, sizes and colours – they can even be designed to fit irregular or quirky shaped pools. Covers are available in either manual or automatic mode.

Design

The process of devising a concept and final specification for your swimming pool. Your pool design team will use their knowledge, experience and creative talent to design the pool of your dreams and ensure that it provides all the facilities you need. This can include special touches such as a counter-current unit, special underwater lighting and a waterfall. You will be consulted at every stage to ensure that the pool meets your requirements.

Drainage

A drainage system is vital to allow the pool to operate correctly. Without drainage the pool filter cannot be backwashed or the pool emptied should it ever be needed.

Environmental Control Systems

A ventilation system that controls moisture within indoor pool rooms by balancing and managing humidity, air temperature and water temperature. Its dehumidifying effects protects the pool area from corrosion and saves energy.

Fibreglass

Fibreglass is a lightweight material made from woven glass fibre and is a popular material used in the construction of pool shells. Known for its aesthetically pleasing, durable and flexible properties, fibreglass can be used to make pools of all shapes and sizes. The fibreglass pool shell is moulded in one piece before being installed on-site.

Filters

Filters and the wider filtration system are integral to the health and hygiene of the pool and its users. Their primary role is to keep the pool free of dirt and debris, but they must be replaced periodically to ensure effective and efficient filtration. The most popular filters are sand and glass filters.

Finishes

There are an array of interior and exterior finishes for the pool and its surround. From high-performance man-made finishes like porcelain and glass mosaic to natural finishes such as granite, marble, slate and limestone, each finishing offers its advantages in terms of the aesthetic and longevity of the pool area.

Glass Pool Finishes

You have the option of a glass bead finish which creates a sparkling, light-catching, 3D effect, or glass tiles. Glass is a great option for contemporary pool designs, whether the pool is indoors or outdoors.

Heating Systems

A pool’s heating system is fundamental to its overall function. There are several considerations when selecting a heating system for your pool, including cost, convenience, temperature accuracy, and environment (ie weather conditions in your area and your preferred swimming season). The system you choose will help to reduce heat loss, ensure comfort and enjoyment for users, reduce pool running costs, and provide optimal conditions for pool chemicals. The different type of heating systems include air source heat pumps, gas boiler and electric heaters.

Hydrotherapy

A hydrotherapy or hydro pool is a design that uses warmer water than that in a normal swimming pool. Its use as therapy is particularly beneficial to health and wellbeing, with hydro pools used to relieve symptoms associated with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions.

Heating systems

A pool’s heating system is fundamental to its overall function. There are several considerations when selecting a heating system for your pool, including cost, convenience, temperature accuracy, and environment (ie weather conditions in your area and your preferred swimming season). The system you choose will help to reduce heat loss, ensure comfort and enjoyment for users, reduce pool running costs, and provide optimal conditions for pool chemicals. The different type of heating systems include air source heat pumps, gas boiler and electric heaters.

Indoor Pool

An indoor pool is exactly that, a pool design that has been installed indoors. Many benefits go hand-in-hand with choosing an indoor pool. Indoor pools are easy to access, their use is not dictated by the weather, there’s no need for weatherproofing, and you can control the temperature easily to ensure a truly enjoyable pool experience.

Jacuzzi

Possibly one of the most well-known brands of hot tub that use a system of underwater jets to massage the body. Jacuzzis, like other types of hot tubs, can be designed and installed as standalone features or constructed to adjoin a larger indoor or outdoor swimming pool.

Knowledge

To ensure your swimming pool project goes smoothly, having a knowledgeable, experienced team at the helm is crucial. It is imperative to do thorough research before you decide which pool contractors to invite to tender for your pool contractor. Check their credentials, how long they have been in the business and industry/design awards Ask to see photos of pool installations similar to what you are looking for, ask for client testimonials and if possible, speak with a previous client. Only commission the contractor when you are confident of their level of knowledge, expertise and design flair.

Lap Pool

A long and narrow pool that has been specifically designed and constructed for exercise. Lap pools are designed for the use of one swimmer at a time and can be installed indoors or outdoors.

Lighting

How you illuminate your pool is important, which makes pool lighting design a critical part of the design and construction processes. Whether based indoors or out, a well-planned lighting scheme will give your pool the wow factor as well as make it easier and more enjoyable to use. Discuss underwater lighting with your pool designers, they will know which lights are best, depending on the type of pool and the desired ambience. There is ample choice including eco-friendly LED lighting, which is just as bright as incandescent bulbs, yet they use much less electricity, and last longer, and you can change the colour of LEDs for different looks. Halogen lighting provides a super-bright look to the water; fibre optic lighting is a central light source that emits light that travels along fibre optic cables installed in the base and sides of the pool, creating incredible effects. One other consideration is submersible and floating LED lights which create a lovely decorative effect. They come battery or solar-powered.

Location

Probably the biggest decision you will need to make about the location of your pool is whether it is an indoor or outdoor pool. The space you have will play a big part in coming to a final decision, but there are many other factors including access to services for things like plumbing, access to the pool site to enable the builders to do their work, and sufficient space for the plant room – many people underestimate how much space is required. You also need to think about who will use the pool and when – is swimming 24/7 a must? If so, an outdoor pool may not be the best option. If you are concerned about devoting space exclusively to a pool, talk to your pool contractor about a pool with a movable floor.

Movable/Moving Floor

A pool with a moving floor is often referred to as a space-saving pool. A new pool is built with a special floor at the bottom of the pool when the pool is open for swimming. When you want to use the pool space for non-swimming activity, press a button and the floor rises to the top of the pool and locks securely in space. The floor can take the weight of up to 100 average-sized adults, so it Is safe to stand and walk on. Another benefit is that you can adjust the depth of the pool to suit the swimming needs of different bathers (eg paddling pool for toddlers). A pool with a movable floor blends so well with the surrounding interior or exterior area that people cannot tell that a pool is hidden under the floor.

Natural Stone

The use of natural stone in pool design and construction is widespread. Travertine – stone naturally formed using rock from mineral springs – is a fantastic choice for pool floors, whilst limestone, granite and quartzite are superb, all-natural options for pool surrounds and paving.

Outdoor Pool

A pool that is installed in the external grounds of the property. Whilst in most circumstances, outdoor pools cannot be used all year round, their lower cost, family-friendly nature, and aesthetically pleasing finishes make them an excellent choice.

Project concept

The initial stage of pool design and construction. During this crucial step, the initial concept of the pool design is discussed in detail amongst the designer, architect and client. From these ideas, a design principle is devised, and preliminary performance specifications are supplied to form the basis of more detailed drawings for the pool’s construction.

Project Team

This refers to all the professionals that will make your project a reality. The project team includes pool designers and installers, architects, structural engineers, M&E consultants, interior designers and sometimes landscape architects (for outdoor pools).

Plant Room

The room that stores all the equipment needed to control and maintain your swimming pool operation. Its size is determined by the design and construction of your pool, with larger pools generally requiring bigger plant rooms. Plant room location and size is so important that it is deemed an early-stage design task.

Planning Consent

This is the consent given by your local authority to complete construction works or improvements planned by you for your property. Planning consent may be required for the installation of an indoor or outdoor pool so it is important to check early on with your local authority. Obtaining approval depends on several factors, for example, structural or conservation issues. Your project team may be able to advise you on the planning requirements for your particular pool design but it is important that you also investigate this with your architect or directly with the local authority.

Pool Hall

An alternative name for a pool room – the place where your beautiful indoor pool is installed.

Private Pool

Typically smaller in size than public pools, private pools are designed and constructed for home use by the pool owner and their family, friends and guests.

PSS Block Method

The Permanent Shuttering System (PSS) block method of building a pool uses concrete slabs tied together with steel bars to construct and reinforce to the highest standards. These blocks are laid in a brickwork pattern to form the cavity wall, whilst specially designed starter blocks are used at the bottom to create a cavity for the floor. Concrete is then poured into the cavity to create a seamless structure free from joints and the very beginnings of your swimming pool.

Quirky Design

A bespoke swimming pool with unique, unusual shapes, features or details.

Refurbishment

Sometimes new swimming pool installation is not necessary. For example, if you inherit a pool when you buy a new property, the pool may be a candidate for refurbishment, a process that involves your existing pool being renovated and restored to its former glory.

Rooftop Pool

A pool designed and built on a rooftop of a property, offering a place to relax and exercise – even in the heart of the city – and truly magnificent views.

Shotcrete Method

Another technique used in concrete pool construction; the Shotcrete Method is by far the most common. This method sees a back shutter erected – this is usually made of plywood for outdoor pools or insulation material for indoor pools – and a twin steel reinforcement cage added within. A specialised concrete mix is then sprayed onto the back shutter covering the steel.

Shuttered & Poured Method

A method used in concrete pool construction. The Shuttered and Poured Method creates a cavity using two pieces of ply reinforced with a steel cage and timbers. Pipework and lighting penetrations are placed before concrete is poured to fill the cavity. The concrete is vibrated in to reduce air pockets. The shutters are then removed leaving the concrete shell behind.

Stainless Steel Pool

A bespoke pool made from stainless steel finish. Thanks to its strength, durability, versatility and elegance, stainless steel is a great choice. Stainless steel pools can be designed with curves and other unique features. With the right maintenance, stainless steel pools are also highly resistant to cracking, peeling, fading and erosion providing a hygienic, watertight design that will last a lifetime.

Steps

An essential addition to any indoor or outdoor pool, the right steps will allow easy access into and out of your pool and the choice of steps allows you to personalise your design. Choose from standard straight steps, classic round corner steps, Roman steps, ledge incorporating steps, squared corner steps, full-width steps, and customised.

Surrounds

The smooth surface that surrounds your pool. There is a vast range of pool surrounds to choose from including concrete, stamped concrete, pavers, natural stone and decking – each of which is designed to prevent slip and trip hazards to make your pool area as safe as possible.

Tiled Pool

A design that uses tiling to achieve a premium finish on a concrete pool. Pools can be tiled with ceramic or glass mosaics to ensure an aesthetically pleasing finish, easy maintenance, enhanced underfoot comfort, and improved durability.

Types of Pools

The possibilities are endless when it comes to the types of pools available. Your project team will help you discover the most fitting pool type for your space, personalising with bespoke design features that will make your pool yours. Explore level deck, semi-level deck, linear deck slot, skimmer, freeboard, and infinity pool designs for inspiration.

Underground Pool

An alternative name for a subterranean or basement pool.

Underwater Lighting

Lighting placed underwater to enhance your swimming experience and add a touch of luxury to your pool area. Underwater lighting traditionally came courtesy of incandescent and halogen lights. More contemporary underwater lighting solutions are coming to the forefront now, with fibre optic and LED underwater lighting unlocking several advantages.

Underwater Pool Windows

A feature that provides a clear view under the pool’s surface – you can see the swimmers inside the pool not just from the top of the pool, but right through the pool walls! It’s a stunning feature as you can see in this article and is especially good if your family like to swim underwater.

Vinyl Pool Liner

A vinyl pool liner is used instead of tiled or stainless steel to finish the pool. There are many designs and colours to choose from and they create lovely pools, plus they cost less to build. Vinyl liners will last five to ten years depending on the level of use of the pool and how well the pool is serviced and maintained. When a new liner is needed, you can give your pool an exciting new look – changing the liner is a straightforward process for your pool contractor.

Vision

This is how you imagine your finished pool will look and function. Your vision is vital, and it is where the design concept begins. Find a pool contractor who is sympathetic and sensitive to your vision but is also constructive and objective in advising you on what is feasible and the cost implications of your vision. This way you will end up with a pool that looks great, works perfectly and you love.

Warranty

A guarantee provided by the manufacturer and/or installer to provide cover for some aspects of the pool, allowing for repairs or replacements free of charge within a set timeframe. Warranties differ so make sure you understand what is covered and for how long.

Water Features

Additional design elements that enhance your pool’s aesthetics and improve the overall bathing experience. Countless water features can be incorporated into your pool design, including fountains, waterfalls, rain curtains, scuppers, sconces, deck jets, bubblers, and spillover spas.

Waterproofing

A process that makes the pool structure water-resistant ensuring that the pool is completely watertight.

Water Treatment

Water treatment is required to maintain a safe and sanitary bathing environment after your swimming pool has been designed and installed. During water treatment, pool water is balanced, disinfected and filtered. Thereafter regular water treatment is required to keep the pool in good condition.

‘Xceptional’ Design

Finding an X in pool terminology is impossible, so bear with our little twist here! The design of your swimming pool matters. If you are having a bespoke pool built, you should ensure that your designer creates something that reflects your preferences and fits in with the lifestyle and the décor of your property. For us, ‘Xceptional’ design is a combination of technical expertise and creativity that combine to meet the client’s aspirations.

York Stone

A type of sandstone quarried in Yorkshire. This natural stone is an excellent material for pool surrounds offering great quality, durability and slip resistance.

Zeolite Filtration Media

An eco-friendly, natural water treatment solution. Zeolite filtration media replaces the more traditionally used silica sand in several pool filter types. Its use boosts water clarity, enhances filtration, lowers the requirement for chemical shock treatments, and traps the particles and ions that can cause unbalanced pH levels and eye-burning.

This brings us to the end of our A to Z – we hope you have found it useful in demystifying pool design and construction terminology. Should you have any questions, please get in touch with our experts. Our specialists are here to support you at every stage so you can get one step closer to your dream pool.